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Bacteria, singular bacterium, are minute sized microbes that play a crucial role in the recycling of nutrients. They are simple, unicellular prokaryotes, which vary in shape, size, mode of obtaining nutrition and other survival requirements. There is virtually no habitat on earth, where bacteria are not present. Some gram positive and gram negative bacteria have the adaptability to survive in the least hospitable places, like hot springs and radioactive wastes. Here, we shall take a look at some examples of bacteria.
What are Some Examples of Bacteria?
Considering the fact there are five nonillion bacteria on the planet, it is quite difficult to study all of them. Different types of bacteria are classified based on their characteristic features. Here, I am citing a few bacteria examples, which are commonly present in and around our environment:
* Lactobacillus acidophilus - Found in dairy products, it is an anaerobic bacteria that converts sugars and lactose into lactic acid. This beneficial bacteria is added in food supplements for use in therapeutic intervention.
* Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria - Another group of useful bacteria is the nitrogen fixing bacteria, which are crucial for plant growth. They help in assimilation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and soil, and covert into usable compounds for plants.
* Helicobacter pylori - It is a type of bacteria that affects the digestive tract and causes medical symptoms. This helix shaped bacterial strain may cause inflammation of stomach lining (stomach ulcer) and other digestive health problems.
* Stomach Bacteria - Can you believe the total number of body cells is lesser than that of bacteria that inhabits the human body? Yes, it is true and they are found in skin, stomach and other internal organs. Most of the stomach bacteria strains are harmless.
* Bifidobacterium - These gram positive, anaerobic bacteria make up most of the gut flora. In most cases, they are harmless and live in harmonious relationship with other probiotic organisms. A few of them may cause allergic conditions.
Examples of Bacteria that Cause Disease
It is hard to believe that the collective mass of tiny bacteria makes up much of the biomass on earth. At the mere mention of bacteria, most people visualize them as pathogens. The fact is that there are both helpful and pathogenic bacteria. Check out the examples of bacterial diseases and you can find many of them. Some examples of bacteria that are capable of causing diseases are:
* Staphylococcus aureus - Classified under Staphylococcus bacteria, it is mostly present in the nose, buttocks and other skin areas. Excess multiplication of this bacterium cases staph infections in humans.
* Bacillus anthrax: As this bacterial strain survives in presence of oxygen, it is a type of aerobic bacteria. While a few other bacillus species live in the soil without causing diseases, B. anthrax infection in humans leads to anthrax disease.
* Clostridium tetani - Refer to pathogenic bacteria list, and you will come across C. tetani. This spore forming bacterium is found in the human gut, while spores are isolated from soil. It is the causal agent for tetanus, which results due to infection of wounds and skin injuries.
* Streptococcus pyogenes - Usually found in the skin, increased multiplication of S. pyogenes leads to several diseases. While some of them are mild and treatable (strep throat), others cause life-threatening medical complications (necrotizing fasciitis).
* Staphylococcus pneumoniae - The disease pnuemonia results due to infection by bacteria, virus and fungi. However, infection by S. pneumoniae is the most common cause. Other strains capable of causing pneumonia are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.
These were some of the examples of bacteria, which are commonly studied in microbiology. Some known examples of bacterial infections are bubonic plague, tetanus, cholera, leprosy, anthrax and tuberculosis. When a comparison is made between helpful and harmful types of bacteria, types of beneficial bacteria outnumber the pathogenic ones.
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